Grammar Review Grado Superior

 Here's the list of specific grammatical contents that a student is expected to master by the end of 2nd year of Bachillerato (high school) in Madrid. 

Although grammar is not dealt with in class in depth, you need to make sure that you are familiar with them, as grammar is essential for communicating proficiently in the workplace.

If you need extra practice, check the blog for specific exercises.

1. Verb Tenses and Their Uses

• Present Simple and Present Continuous: for routines, general facts, and actions in progress.

• Past Simple and Past Continuous: for completed past actions and actions in progress at a specific past time.

• Present Perfect: to talk about past experiences with relevance to the present.

• Past Perfect: to express actions that happened before another action in the past.

• Future forms: using "will", "be going to", "present continuous", and "future continuous" for predictions, plans, and decisions.

• Conditional Sentences: Types I, II, and III for hypothetical situations and consequences.

2. Modal Verbs

3. Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

4. Passive Voice

5. Relative Clauses

• Using relative pronouns: who, which, that, whose, where, when to add additional information to sentences.

6. Phrasal Verbs 

7. Linking Words: Cause, Effect, and Purpose

• Using connectors like because, so, therefore, in order to, so that to show logical relationships between ideas.

8. Comparatives and Superlatives

9. "Wish" and "If only" Constructions

• Expressing wishes or unreal/hypothetical situations in the present or past.

10. Word Formation

• Using prefixes and suffixes to form antonyms, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.